Capabilities generally classified as AI as of 2017 include successfully understanding human speech, competing at a high level in strategic game systems (such as chess and Go), autonomous cars, intelligent routing in content delivery networks, military simulations, and interpreting complex data, including images and videos. The scope of AI is disputed: as machines become increasingly capable, tasks considered as requiring "intelligence" are often removed from the definition, a phenomenon known as the AI effect, leading to the quip "AI is whatever hasn't been done yet." For instance, optical character recognition is frequently excluded from "artificial intelligence", having become a routine technology. Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems OBAID MIRZA, HABEEB, Introduction:Artificial intelligence is the study of ideas to bring into being machines that respond to stimulation consistent with traditional responses from humans, given the human capacity for contemplation, judgment and intention. AI has been used to develop and advance numerous fields and industries, including finance, healthcare, education, transportation, and more. DENDRAL An artificial intelligence-based expert system used for chemical analysis to predict molecular structure. Expert systems are used in areas like medicine, law, and finance. Two AI methods widely used in GIS - artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic-are. In artificial intelligence, an expert system is a computer system emulating the decision-making ability of a human expert. Expert system: These are AI systems that are designed to mimic the decision-making ability of a human expert in a particular field. Establish cost-effectiveness of the system. Find the experts in task domain for the ES project. Steps in developing the ES include Identify Problem Domain The problem must be suitable for an expert system to solve it. More specifically, it is Weak AI, the form of AI where programs are developed to perform specific tasks, that is being utilized for a wide range of activities including medical diagnosis, electronic trading, robot control, and remote sensing. The paper comments relationships between artificial intelligence and geographic information systems critically. Development of Expert Systems: General Steps The process of ES development is iterative. As one example, we can distinguish the following four typical cases of users: (1) user of an expert system which has been completely developed by other people. Artificial intelligence, defined as intelligence exhibited by machines, has many applications in today's society. Different Development Levels in Expert Systems The degree of participation and the relation of users with expert systems can be very diverse.
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